The simple gloss might be:
Esta has been entrained into particular patterns of the kinds of thoughts that he thinks in words. Vastly oversimplifying, if Esta hears somebody else say, "Hey let's go worship Iomedae", Esta knows to think the thought "Heresy!" (Esta doesn't quite have this exact rule about internal thoughts, because Esta is currently built in such a way that his mind would never get to the point of generating that thought in the first place.)
Esta also has things he wants. A lot of them have been hammered far down or fed approved substitutes for what would be really satisfying, but not all of them. Esta doesn't like pain, for example; Cheliax is relatively happy to leave that sort of internal motivation intact, because they make use of it too. Esta likes winning social conflicts. Esta likes particular kinds of sex.
In Esta's previous equilibrium inside Cheliax, the kinds of verbal thoughts that Esta was trained to have, and the sort of desires and antidesires that Esta could obtain or avoid at all, were mostly lined up. His brain expected that for Esta to think bad thoughts might result in bad painful things happening to him the next time he was ordered to fail his Will save against thought detection. His brain expected that for Esta to go on thinking loyal thoughts toward Asmodeus would result in him reaching 7th-circle faster, thereby winning more social contests and getting to have nicer things.
For some past weeks, Esta has not been in Cheliax and some of the immediate threat of being immediately punished with pain for nonconforming behavior has been removed.
Now, Esta is no longer a 6th-circle of Asmodeus. A bunch of his desires that were satisfied by the whole "priest of Asmodeus" thing are no longer dependent on being a priest of Asmodeus for their continued satisfaction. An inner bargain has been broken.
But his thoughts have still been trained to follow each other as a 6th-circle Asmodean priest's thoughts do.
There is now disharmony rather than harmony between the entrained thought-patterns, and the seeking of good things and avoiding of bad things.
Esta has not been trained to handle this condition as a dath ilani would. His training has instead been to go on thinking the correct and approved thoughts regardless of fluctuations or anomalies in what he wants. So his thoughts try to continue in the entrained pattern, as has itself been entrained, but they are now floating far away from the parts of his brain that would at all approve of any ends toward which his thoughts are being directed.
...That would be the extremely oversimplified gloss.