If they can’t understand it from hearing it once, they’re clearly too stupid for this.
Keltham isn’t expecting them to get all that from such an absurdly rapid summary, he’s trying to convey which subject matters exist to ask him questions about. If he later starts in again on the Periodic Table, people may now have any vague idea that this matters because it’s about the elementary constituents of the molecules that make up everything else. If he starts running experiments on vinegar, Prestidigitation, and stuff that makes vinegar foam up, they’ll know how that might relate to refining spellsilver from ores.